Noble International Journal of Economics and Financial Research publishes high-quality refereed empirical research on all aspects of Applied Economics and Finance. The Journal’s emphasis is on empirical, applied, and policy-oriented research in Finance and Economics. The Journal’s purpose is to improve communications between the academic and other research communities and policymakers and operational decision makers. Articles published in the journal are clearly relevant to applied Economics and Finance and identify both a compelling practical Financial issues and a strong theoretical framework for addressing it.