Journal of Gandhara Medical and Dental Sciences (JGMDS) is a leading research journal published on regular basis and provides a platform for the exchange of information about new and significant research; to motivate the conduct and publication of original research in medical and dental sciences in Pakistan. JGMDS is published biannually based on controlled circulation and distributed among the faculty of all departments of Gandhara University Peshawar and to medical and dental colleges/institutes, clinics and libraries throughout Pakistan.