Abstract :
Orthodontic treatment plays a vital role in improving dental aesthetics, occlusion, and overall oral health. While its benefits are well-documented and widely accepted, it is equally important to acknowledge and understand the potential risks and limitations associated with such treatment—particularly those related to tissue damage. One of the lesser-discussed but clinically significant outcomes of orthodontic therapy is the development of scars or injuries to both soft and hard oral tissues. These iatrogenic effects, although relatively rare, can have lasting consequences on oral health and aesthetics if not identified and managed appropriately.During orthodontic procedures, various components such as brackets, wires, and bands come into close contact with oral tissues. This prolonged contact, combined with mechanical forces applied to teeth and supporting structures, can sometimes lead to complications. These include soft tissue injuries like mucosal ulcerations, gingival recession, or hypertrophy, and hard tissue damage such as enamel demineralization, decalcification, and root resorption. In some cases, improper appliance placement, excessive orthodontic force, or poor oral hygiene can contribute to more permanent tissue damage, including scarring of gingival or labial tissues.Moreover, certain patients may be predisposed to developing tissue injuries due to individual anatomical or behavioral factors, such as thin biotype gingiva, parafunctional habits, or inadequate plaque control. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) discomfort and relapse of tooth positions after treatment are also considered potential long-term risks. Hence, a comprehensive understanding of these possibilities is essential when formulating an orthodontic treatment plan.To minimize these complications, preventive strategies—including careful appliance design, controlled force application, routine oral hygiene reinforcement, and timely intervention—must be integrated into every phase of treatment. Ultimately, the goal is to ensure that the advantages of correcting malocclusion significantly outweigh the risks, thereby safeguarding the integrity of both hard and soft tissues throughout and beyond the duration of orthodontic care.
Keyword :
Orthodontic complications, Iatrogenic effects, Enamel demineralization, Root resorption, Pulp vitality, Gingival recession, TMJ dysfunction.