Abstract :
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized
by polygenic hyperglycemia caused by insulin secretion or insulin
resistance. Several environmental factors and genetics interact to
increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and its complications.
Among the various factors associated with genetic T2DM polymorphism
of the same nucleotide in several genes, it has been widely studied and
showed that the resulting genetic variants have a positive or negative
correlation with T2DM, which increases or decreases the risk of T2DM.
In this review, we will focus on the Peroxisome proliferator-activated
receptor gamma (PPARG), Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J
member 11 (KCNJ11), Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2), Calpain-10 (CAPN10) and their relationship with
T2DM, studied in different ethnic groups. The products of these genes are involved in the biochemical pathway leading
to T2DM. The polymorphisms of these genes are widely studied in individuals of different ethnic groups. The results
show that the genetic variants of the CAPN-10, TCF7L2, PPARG, and KCNJ11 genes can become a biomarker of risk for
T2DM, and were studied in people from different ethnic groups. We tried to synthesize globally obtained results in the
context of selected genes that could help researchers working in this area and ultimately it would be helpful to
understand the mechanistic pathways of T2DM lead to early diagnosis and prevention.
Keyword :
Genetic polymorphism, CAPN-10, TCF7L2, PPARGandKCNJ11, Type 2 diabetes mellitus.