Abstract :
Robotics and laser technology integration into ophthalmic surgery has represented a paradigm shift in the precision, security, and effectiveness of ocular interventions. Robotic systems have been shown to have considerable potential in the management of physiological tremors, facilitation of complex microsurgical manoeuvres, and extending the frontiers of intraocular and orbital surgeries. In parallel, femtosecond lasers and excimer lasers have transformed refractive, cataract, and oculoplastic surgeries by improving accuracy and reducing collateral tissue damage. Despite these advances, challenges remain, including high costs, steep learning curves, ergonomic concerns, and limited global accessibility. Recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI) and robotic integration further highlight the transformative potential of these technologies in ophthalmology, especially in vitreoretinal and cataract surgeries. This review synthesizes existing evidence regarding robotic and laser technology use in ophthalmic surgery, examines their safety, feasibility, and drawbacks, and delves into future directions such as AI-based platforms, telesurgery, and implementation in resource-limited environments.
Keyword :
Robotic surgery, Ophthalmology, Laser applications, Vitreoretinal surgery, Cataract surgery, Artificial intelligence, Femtosecond laser, Surgical ergonomics, Telesurgery.