Abstract :
Osseointegration is a critical biological phenomenon that underpins the success of modern dental implant therapy. This process involves the direct structural and functional connection between living bone and the surface of a load-bearing implant. Over the decades, advancements in biomaterials, implant surface technologies, and surgical techniques have significantly enhanced the predictability and long-term success rates of osseointegration. This review article explores the biological mechanisms governing Osseointegration, including the role of cellular and molecular pathways, such as osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and immune modulation. It also discusses factors influencing Osseointegration, including implant material properties, patient-related factors, and biomechanical considerations. By synthesizing current evidence, the review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of osseointegration as a foundation for successful dental implant therapy and to highlight emerging trends and future directions in this dynamic field.
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