Abstract :
Orthodontic treatment improves function, esthetics, and confidence but may cause adverse effects. Common complications include enamel demineralization, root resorption, periodontal changes, pain, and less frequent pulpal or TMJ alterations. White spot lesions are best prevented with fluoride and strict hygiene, while controlled forces and radiographic monitoring reduce resorption risk. Pain is universal, with NSAIDs most effective for relief. Evidence on other outcomes remains limited, underscoring the need for preventive strategies and individualized care.Orthodontic complications are real but largely preventable with evidence-based practice. High-fluoride regimens, light and biologically controlled forces, and NSAID-based pain management are strongly supported by current evidence, while periodontal changes, pulpal effects, and relapse require further investigation. Careful case selection, patient education, and long-term retention remain essential to maximize benefits and minimize risks.
Keyword :
Orthodontic risks, Braces complications, Root resorption, Gingival recession, Braces pain, Nickel allergy, Fluoride treatment, Light forces, Orthodontic TMD, Invisalign risks.