Abstract :
The co-occurrence of HIV and sickle cell disease (SCD) in pediatric populations presents significant clinical
challenges that require a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to management. Both HIV and SCD are
chronic conditions with complex pathophysiology that can exacerbate each other’s impact, leading to increased
susceptibility to infections, frequent pain crises, and multi-organ complications. Pediatric patients with co-infection
are at a higher risk of delayed growth, neurological complications, and worsened clinical outcomes. This review
explores the unique challenges in diagnosing and managing HIV and SCD in children, highlighting the need for early
detection, tailored treatment strategies, and close monitoring of both diseases. The management of pediatric patients
with HIV and SCD requires careful coordination between hematologists, infectious disease specialists, pediatricians,
and other healthcare providers. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is critical for controlling HIV progression, but certain
ART regimens may exacerbate SCD complications, requiring careful drug selection. Hydroxyurea, commonly used in
SCD management, must also be administered cautiously in HIV-infected children to prevent potential immune system
interference. Additionally, addressing the psychosocial aspects of care, such as medication adherence and stigma, is
crucial for improving patient outcomes
Keyword :
HIV, Sickle Cell Disease, Pediatric Management, Co-Infection, Treatment Strategies