Abstract :
The nail consists of the nail plate, the nail matrix and the nail bed below it, and the grooves surrounding it. A healthy nail has the function of protecting the distal phalanx, the tip of the distal phalanx, and the surrounding soft tissues from injuries. It also serves to enhance precise delicate movements of the distal digits through counterpressure exerted on the pulp of the finger or toe. The nail then acts as a counter-force when the end of the digit touches an object, thereby enhancing the sensitivity of the tip, although the nail itself has no nerve endings. Finally, the finger nail functions as a tool enabling a so-called "extended precision grip" (e.g. pulling out a splinter in one's finger), and certain cutting or scraping actions.
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