Abstract :
Anywhere in the world that people congregate in large numbers, including mass gathering events, there is a significant risk of human stampedes. This research examines stampede data from political, religious, and entertainment events in India to create a useful paradigm for reducing risks associated with large-scale assemblies. In India, almost 80% of stampedes have taken place at religious gatherings or during pilgrimages. Significant incidents and fatalities have been recorded from a number of states, and there have been repeated stampedes in specific areas. The massive crowds and the ever-expanding site have made risk management techniques extremely inefficient and ineffective.
Studies have gradually superseded the conventional wisdom that mass disasters in form of stampede are the product of a panicked and irrational populations, indicating that a series of structural failures are the primary underlying reasons. Based on case studies, it has been shown what causes human stampedes and that a simple mishap, a deliberate act, or simply a rumour can set off a disruption in the crowd. Venue deficiencies, such as a remote or dangerous location, substandard amenities, or a dearth of basic infrastructure and medical services, could make these meetings more vulnerable.
A basic framework aligned on interconnected compartments for inter-agency cooperation and multidisciplinary contemplation, ranging from hazard identification to the execution of mitigation measures for human stampede risk reduction, has been developed as a result of the risk factors identified from the analysis of previous incidents. Decisions being made slowly, inadequate triage, or losing medical records are frequent response issues that could make the situation worse.
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