Abstract :
This article summarizes the pathophysiological processes and clinical manifestations of the five most prevalent types of alopecia: traction alopecia, anagen effluvium, telogen effluvium, and androgenetic alopecia. Terminal hairs gradually shrink in a certain way in androgenetic alopecia, a hereditary, androgen-mediated condition. Loss of immunological privilege and a T-cell-mediated attack on the hair follicle cause alopecia areata, an autoimmune disease that causes abrupt, non-scarring, and frequently patchy hair loss. The rapid and widespread losing of hair caused by the acute, direct poisoning of anagen hair follicle matrices by poisons or chemotherapeutic drugs is known as anagen effluvium. The reactive process known as telogen effluvium occurs when a major systemic or psychological stressor triggers the early, coordinated transition of a large number of anagen follicles into the telogen phase, which leads to dispersed shedding months later. Lastly, traction alopecia is a mechanical, avoidable disorder that can lead to permanent hair loss if left untreated. It is brought on by long-term tension on hair follicles from specific haircuts. For proper diagnosis, suitable research, and efficient treatment, a thorough grasp of these various etiologies is essential.
Keyword :
Pathophysiological, Clinical manifestations, Traction alopecia, Anagen effluvium, Telogen effluvium, Androgenetic alopecia