Variations in nutrient foramen in the long bones of lower limb


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Article type :

Original Article

Author :

Prerana Aggarwal, Rajarshi Roy*, Shyamalendu Medda

Volume :

9

Issue :

1

Abstract :

Background: Morphology and morphometry of nutrient foramen of bones vary from country to country and from place to place. Objective: Objective was to study the number, position, location, directions, distance of nutrient foramen from the proximal end of femur, tibia and fibula in eastern Indian region. Materials and Methods: In a descriptive study, 393 bilateral lower limb long bones (138 femur, 132 tibia & 123 fibulae) were studied. Results: Total nutrient foramen calculated; 178 in femur, 137 in tibia, 121 in fibula. Most had single foramen; femur (66%), tibia (96%) and fibula (94%). Number of foramina ranged from 0-3 in femur, 1-2 in tibia and 0-2 in fibula. Foramina were present mainly on the posterior surface of the bones [linea aspera in femur (96), below soleal line and lateral to the vertical line in tibia (90) and peroneal crest in fibula (74)]. The mean length, mean distance of nutrient foramen from the proximal end of the bones measured. Most foramina found on the middle third, with foraminal index ranging from 33% to 66%; though on tibia it’s not a common finding. The 't' test value of foraminal index was significant for tibia. Mean foraminal index was measured for femur 42.28%, tibia 35.91%, fibula 41.54%. Conclusion: The knowledge of anatomical variations of nutrient foramen is very important as preservation of vascularization of long bones is essential in fracture repair, tumor resection, bone grafting.  

Keyword :

Femur, Fibula, Foraminal index, Nutrient foramen, Tibia.
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