Abstract :
Pollution from various sources is currently regarded as one of the most severe issues
everywhere. However, certain biological indicators can detect a variety of contaminants, and each
one is used to identify a specific pollutant or a group of pollutants. The use of molecular and
biochemical biomarkers is one of the ecotoxicological approaches in assessing pollutant
bioavailability and sublethal effects. One of the most rapidly growing fields in ecotoxicological
research is biomarkers in soil invertebrates, such as earthworms. Due to the widespread use of
biocides and fertilizers in agriculture, industrial operations, urban trash, and air deposition, soil
contamination has risen in recent decades. Earthworms serve as an excellent bio indicator for
monitoring soil pollution. There are a variety of biomarkers of toxic substances in earthworm
ecotoxicology. The present review is focused on the use of earthworms as a biomarker to analyze the
impact of toxicological substances.
Keyword :
Biomarkers, Bio indicators, Earthworms, Ecotoxicology, Environmental pollution.