Seasonal variations in the incidence of preeclampsia-eclampsia in Bayelsa state in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria


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Article type :

Original Article

Author :

Ikeanyi M Eugene, Abasi J Isaac

Volume :

7

Issue :

2

Abstract :

Background: Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality mostly in the less developed settings. It is a common confounding disorder of pregnancy complicating 3-10% of pregnancies worldwide. Its pattern and etiology are still very unclear. Objective: To investigate the influence of the seasonal variations as defined by atmospheric temperature, air relative humidity and mean rainfall on the incidence of preeclampsia-eclampsia. Materials and Methods: This was a case series observational study that took place in a tertiary hospital between 2012 and 2019. Analyzed data was extracted from the hospital admission and discharge records of the preeclampsia-eclampsia women who delivered at the study center in the study period. Meteorological variables were atmospheric temperature, relative humidity and rainfall. The season was stratified into the wet humid season (April-October) and the dry hot season (November-March) based on these weather parameters. The seasons and the months were independent variables while the incidence of preeclampsia was the dependent variable. Results: From our data the incidence of preeclampsia-eclampsia was 7.2%. The mean values were 6.7% and 7.9% for wet and dry seasons respectively. The incidence of preeclampsia-eclampsia was on the increase over the years of this data. The monthly peak incidences in each year within the study period were consistently recorded in the months of February, August and December respectively. Conclusions: The rate of occurrence of preeclampsia–eclampsia appeared to vary with the seasons. The incidence appeared to be higher in the dry season with peaks at inter-seasonal periods.

Keyword :

 Preeclampsia, Eclampsia, Seasonal, Variation, Incidence, Wet, Dry.
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