Abstract :
Introduction: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing due to increasing urbanization, decreased
level of physical activity and mostly due to increase in obesity. In pregnancy there are changes in the
carbohydrate metabolism, leading to insulin resistance and thus, causing GDM.
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of GDM in pregnancy using 75gm OGTT in relation to fetomaternal
outcome.
Materials and Methods: Prospective case controlled study of pregnant women recruited at 24-
28weeks gestational age. Following institutional ethical clearance, 204 consenting subjects were recruited
consecutively and had standard OGTT done. Subjects with blood glucose level (BGL) done after 2hr with
value of > 140mg/dL were considered GDM while values
All patients were followed up till delivery to document the feto-maternal outcome
Result: Twenty six out of the 204 subjects have Blood glucose levels > 140mg/dl giving a prevalence of
12.74%.
Maternal complications in GDM and control group were Vaginal candidiasis (15.3%, 1.1%), symptomatic
UTI (11.5%, 2.2%), PROM (23%, 3.9%), preterm labour (19.2, 5.6%), polyhydramnios (7.6, 0%),
Pre-eclampsia (15.3%, 3.9%) respectively. F etal complications in GDM and control group like
macrosomia (7.6%, 1.1%), congenital anomaly (7.6%, 2.2%), hyaline membrane disease (7.6%, 1.6%),
hyperbilirubinemia (11.5%, 2.2%) respectively.
Conclusion: the result of our study is that GDM has many risk factors which include family history
of diabetes mellitus, obesity, previous history of GDM, previous history of PCOS. It has been shown that
incidence of pre-eclampsia, gestational hypertension, preterm delivery, operative interference, macrosomia,
is higher in women with GDM. Early diagnosis of GDM in second trimester can reduce maternal and fetal
complications.
Keyword :
OGTT, GDM, Macrosomia, Fetomaternal complications.