Abstract :
Gestational diabetes mellitus which develops during pregnancy is usually diagnosed in the 24th to 28th week of pregnancy. It is the most common complication of pregnancy and type of diabetes during pregnancy. Approximately 14% of pregnancies worldwide are affected with GDM. The women without previously diagnosed diabetes tends to develop chronic hyperglycemia during gestation. In most cases, this result due to of impaired glucose tolerance due to pancreatic ?-cell dysfunction and development of insulin resistance. Risk factors for GDM mainly include obesity, advanced maternal age, and a family history or any form of diabetes. Various consequences of GDM include increased risk of maternal cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes and macrosomia and birth complications in the infant. There is also a longer-term risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease in the child.
Keyword :
Gestational diabetes mellitus, pregnancy, physiology, insulin.