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Volume :

10

Issue :

1

Abstract :

Colorectal cancer is among the most common cancers in Malaysia. Canarium odontophyllum is a native plant species found in Sarawak. A previous study have shown that C. odontophyllum acetone extract caused cell death via primary apoptosis on human colorectal cancer cell line HCT 116. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the mechanism of C. odontophyllum stem bark acetone extract against human colorectal cancer cell HCT 116. A MTT assay was used to determine the IC50 value of C. odontophyllum stem bark acetone extract from concentration 12.5 μg/ml to 200 μg/ml at 48 hrs of treatment against HCT 116. Tetra methyl rhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE) labelling was used to determine the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of HCT 116 cell line after exposure with IC50 of the extract at 30 min, 1 hr and 2 hrs. At 48 hrs of treatment, C. odontophyllum stem bark acetone extract showed cytotoxic effect towards HCT 116 with IC50 of 24 μg/ml ± 3.059. From the MMP result, an increase of population of MMP loss were observed from 1 hr to 2 hrs of treatment with the value of 19 ± 5.3 % and 43 ± 2 % respectively. Furthermore, there was a slight increase level of superoxide anion in extract-treated HCT 116 cell at 30 min, 1 hr and 2 hrs compared to the negative control with values at 3.17 ± 1.4 %, 3.67 ± 2.0 % and 4.5 ± 1.0 % respectively. In conclusion, involvement of superoxide ion and loss of MMP confirmed the function of mitochondria by C. odontophyllum stem bark acetone extract in inducing apoptotic mechanism in HCT 116 cell lines. These data provide information on the mechanism of C. odontophyllum-induced apoptosis and may have the potential in the development of drug for colon cancer.