Abstract :
Background: In developing countries like India oral hygiene and oral health facilities are still out of reach of a sizable population. Along with this consumption of Paan, Gutkha and other tobacco products aggravated the oral health. Oral cavities are the most common site of lesions. These pre-malignant lesions became malignant over time and causes irreversible oral cancers.
Aims and Objective : To study the histopathology (changes in tissues) of lesions of oral cavities.
Materials and Methods : This study enrolled 140 patients of oral cavity lesions and followed up for a period of 12 months. For histopathology lesions tissue sample was taken and biopsy was done post fixation in 10% buffered formalin, tissue were routinely processed and embedded in paraffin wax. Multiple sections were stained with Hematoxylin and eosin and studied them to find the correlation with gender, age, site of lesion and histopathological diagnosis.
Result: Out of 124 oral biopsies, 52(42%) were malignant lesion, 46(37%) were pre-malignant lesion and 26(21%) were benign lesions. There is male preponderance in gender distribution of patients. Buccal mucosa was most common site of lesion. In malignant lesion group 50 patient of had squamous cell carcinoma (moderate in 67.31% and clear in 28.58%). In pre-malignant group keratosis with mild dysplasia was highest (28.26%) followed by the Oral submucous fibrosis (21.47%).
Conclusion: Awareness about oral health and hygiene is necessary to prevent the oral health complications. Early detection of pre-malignant lesion id helpful in prevention of malignant cancer and complications. Along with clinical examination histopathological investigation should be done for lesions of oral cavity.
Keyword :
Histopathology, Cavity, Biopsy, Malignant.