Author :
Ramakrishna Pai J, Sumita Rajeevan, Syed Mustaq Ahmed, Ann Taisy George, Preethy Edavaloth, Rajeevan V
Volume :
7
Issue :
2
Abstract :
Background and Objective: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are amongst the most common bacterial
infections in developing countries. The etiology of UTI and the antibiotic resistance of uropathogenes
vary in regions and change through times. Regular surveillance of the changing trends in its bacteriological
profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern is therefore mandatory. This study aims to find out the changing
trends in the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of urinary isolates of over five consecutive
years.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective, record based study was conducted on all culture and sensitivity
(C/S) reports of urine samples obtained in the microbiology laboratory in a tertiary care centre, Central
Kerala (January 2012- December 2016). The C/S reports which were positive for significant growth were
analyzed to find out its prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Descriptive statistics was used for
data analysis and the results were expressed in percentages.
Result: Of the 14105, urine specimens received, 27.93% were positive. Highest rate of UTI is seen in
female patients (67.58%) and geriatric age group 47.58%. E.coli and Klebsiella are the two most common
isolates from all five years of study period and constituted ~ 72% of total. The year wise analysis of
antibiotic resistance showed fluctuating pattern. The resistance rate to drugs like Piperacillin –tazobactam
and carbepenem showed increasing drug resistance. E.coli was found to be more sensitive to Amikacin and
nitrofurantoin.
Conclusion: Drug resistant strains are markedly high in our area. Antibiotic resistance does not show
a consistent trend over years and vary from region to region. Therefore each institution should have an
antibiotic policy based on the local antibiogram which is to be renewed regularly.
Keyword :
Urinary tract infections, Antibiotic resistance patterns, Bacteriological profile.