Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology: A Reliable Tool for Diagnosis & Management of Various Thyroid Lesions


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Volume :

3

Issue :

2

Abstract :

Background: Thyroid gland is unique from other endocrine organs. Because of its superficial location it is easily approachable for direct physical examination, cytological evaluation & histopathological study. The main objective of FNAC of thyroid is to categorize patients who need surgery for neoplastic disorder from those having functional or inflammatory abnormality requiring a clinical follow up & medical treatment. Aims & Objectives: To study cytomorphological features of thyroid enlargement & palpable lesions of thyroid. To study the distribution of lesion according to age & sex. To correlate cytomorphological features of thyroid lesions with histopathological features wherever possible. Methods: The present study was conducted in department of pathology of Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College & Research Centre, Moradabad. The study period included retrospective cases from April 2016 to January 2008 with total no. of cases 750. All relevant clinical profile of these cases was taken from case records. All thyroid lesions conventionally diagnosed by FNA were classified according to TBSRTC. Results: In the present study, a total of 750 cases of thyroid swellings were categorized under TBSRTC. Of which maximum cases were seen of benign etiology i.e. colloid goiter more commonly affecting middle age group i.e. 31-40 yrs with female preponderance. Then the sensitivity & specificity of FNAC were determined. In benign sensitivity & specificity was reported to be 96% & 100% respectively. In malignant lesions both were found to be 100%. Conclusion: FNAC biopsy is regarded as a minimally invasive, cost-effective technique with diagnostic accuracy in the range of 90-99%. The task of convincing clinicians of the value of the technique has been extremely successful since their expectations of a high level of accuracy have been met. The conclusion drawn from this study implicates FNAC as a useful primary investigative modality for evaluation of palpable thyroid lesions. It also helps in distinguishing lesions based on the clinical management required.

Keyword :

Thyroid lesions, Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology, The Bethesda System Reporting Thyroid Cytology.
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