Abstract :
In efforts to counteract the COVID-19 pandemic, several vaccines have been developed. Despite their efficacy, they are not without adverse immune reactions that may occur among populations according to various factors. The purpose of this study was to explore some factors that are associated with the inflammatory immune response induced by COVID-19 vaccines among the Libyans. This analytical study was performed on recorded data for 410 individuals who received three different COVID-19 vaccines (Sinovac, AstraZeneca-Oxford and Sputnik-V) that were retrieved from the previous study on December 2nd, 2023. Among 410 Libyan adults, 404 cases were enrolled for the final analysis, 56.7% (CI 95%, 52.0 - 61.1) of the vaccinated experienced systemic inflammatory reactions. Wherein, Sinovac vaccine recipients were more likely to experience inflammatory reactions compared to AstraZeneca-Oxford vaccine recipients with a high significant (?2MH = 38.344, P = 0.001) adjusted odds ratio equal to 5.234 (CI 95%, 3.034 - 9.029). After controlling for confounding factors, age, gender and comorbidity were found to significantly associated risk factors with an inflammatory response among AstraZeneca-Oxford vaccine recipients (P = 0.001, P = 0.021 and P = 0.002, respectively). Whereas comorbidity was only one of the significantly increased risk factors associated with the occurrence of inflammatory events among Sinovac vaccine recipients (?2 = 7.507, P = 0.006). In conclusion, age, gender, comorbidity and type of vaccine were found to be significant risk factors for the occurrence of inflammatory events induced by vaccines. Further studies with larger sample size and the inclusion of laboratory parameters such as C-reactive protein and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein along with antibodies are needed.
Keyword :
Adverse reaction, AstraZeneca-Oxford, COVID-19 vaccine, Libya, immune response, Sinovac, Sputnik-V