Abstract :
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with multiple systemic and oral complications. Oral manifestations may serve as important indicators for early detection and management of dm.Aim: To comparatively evaluate oral manifestations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy individuals.Materials and Methods: A case–control study was conducted among 200 subjects, comprising 100 diabetic patients and 100 age-matched healthy controls. Dental caries status was assessed using the DMFT index, periodontal health with the community periodontal index (CPI), and attachment loss scores. Xerostomia and burning mouth sensation (BMS) were evaluated using validated semi-structured questionnaires, while mucosal lesions were identified through clinical examination. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS V.24 with p < 0.05 considered significant.Results: Diabetic patients demonstrated significantly higher mean DMFT (4.64 ± 2.99), CPI (2.37 ± 1.24), and attachment loss scores compared with controls. Xerostomia (44% vs. 4%), BMS (23% vs. 3%), and mucosal lesions (24% vs. 4%) were also significantly more prevalent among diabetics.Conclusion: Oral health complications are more frequent in type 2 diabetics, underscoring the need for routine dental examinations, preventive strategies, and early intervention.
Keyword :
Diabetes mellitus, Oral health, Periodontal diseases, Xerostomia, Burning mouth syndrome, Oral mucosal lesions.