Abstract :
Hyalomma dromedarii ticks are ectoparasite infesting camels. The acaricides used in controlling tick fauna developed resistance problems. Therefore, some citrus oils as well as their nano preparations were proposed as alternative agents during the present study. Fresh fruits peels were picked to extract oils by the Hydro-distillation method. Oil extracts were characterized by GC/MS technology. The phytochemical constitute present in Citrus sininses var balady were ?-Pinene 2.8%, Limonene 97% while in Citrus limon were ?-pinene 37.11%, ?-Pinene 6.617% and Limonene 55.6%. Silver nitrate nanoparticles of citrus oils prepared were characterized by Electron microscope; TEM, SEM and EDX. The result showed Nano preparations were spherically shaped with homogeneous particle size. The toxicity of citrus oils was evaluated by dipping and physical contact methods in a wide range of concentrations. Despite that toxicity of C. sinensis var. balady and C. limon were similar in the dipping method, LC50 and LC90 values were 0.0024, 0.01473 and 0.00235, 0.14215%, respectively. On the other hand, during physical contact methodology, the toxicity of orange oils(C.sininses var balady) was higher than that of lemon(C.limon ), hence, LC50 and LC90 recorded 0.00229, 1.995 and 0.00096, 0.10211% with C. limon and C. sinessis var balady, respectively. Recorded results showed a higher toxic effect of silver nitrate nanoparticles (AgNPS) from Citruspeels oils than those for citrus peels oil extract alone, where LC50 for C. sinensis var. balady were 0.009 and 0.0385 while were 0.013 and 0.19 for C. limon. Green nanoparticles of Citrus oils prepared during the present study proved their efficiency as eco-safe biodegradable acaricides that could be applied as medical treatments in the veterinary field.
Keyword :
Ticks, Essential oils, Nanotechnology, Adults, GC/MS, TEM, SEM, EDX.