Abstract :
Background: Ectopic pregnancy is the implantation of a fertilized ovum anywhere outside the
uterine cavity. Around 95% of ectopic pregnancies occur in the Fallopian tubes. Most of these
are occurring in the ampulla region. Other sites include the interstitial or the corneal region of
the myometrium, cervix, ovary, peritoneal cavity (abdominal pregnancy) and in caesarean
section scars. The objective of this study was to see the association of different risk factors of
ectopic pregnancy.
Methodology: It was a case-control study. The data was collected from Obstetrics &
Gynaecology department Jinnah Hospital, Lahore and the study was completed at Gulab Devi
PGMI, Lahore. For the analysis of data, SPSS version 16.00 was used.
Results: 180 pregnant females were taken in which 90 were cases and 90 were controls. 16
females were more than 35 years in age of which 16% females had ectopic pregnancy. There
were 3 females had history of smoking in which 3% females had ectopic pregnancy. There
were 82 females who had history of pelvic surgery in which 43% female had ectopic pregnancy.
There were 17 females have had history of previous ectopic pregnancy of which 14% were
having ectopic pregnancy. There were 6 females have had history of IUCD (Intra uterine
contraceptive device) of which 6% females were having ectopic pregnancy. There were 23
females who had history of PID (Pelvic inflammatory disease) of which 26% females were
having ectopic pregnancy. There were 2 females have had history of tubal disease and had
ectopic pregnancy. There were 21 females who had history of ART (Assisted reproductive
technique) in which 3% females were presented with ectopic pregnancy. There was 1 female
who had history of endometriosis in which 2% females were presented with ectopic pregnancy.
There were 16 females have had history of low socioeconomic status of which 9% females
were presented with ectopic pregnancy. There was 1 female who had history of tuberculosis
and having ectopic pregnancy.
Conclusion: In the present study age more than 35 years, smoking, previous ectopic
pregnancy, insertion of IUCD, PID, assisted reproductive technique, tubal disease, history of
pelvic surgery, endometriosis and tuberculosis had a great association with ectopic pregnancy.
Keyword :
Ectopic pregnancy, risk factors.