Abstract :
Congenital Heart diseases (CHD) are among the most common congenital malformations and are the leading cause of neonatal and infant mortality. Emerging data suggests that there are maternal risk factors which can increase the occurrence of CHD in the baby, many of which are potentially modifiable. Hence knowledge of those risk factors provides an opportunity to prevent CHD with appropriate intervention. This study was undertaken to contribute to the existing understanding by finding the correlation between various modifiable maternal risk factors and CHD in the offspring. Setting and Design- This was 1:2 matched casecontrol study, conducted in the Department of Pediatrics, MGIMS Sevagram, a teaching rural based hospital in Central India, from November 2010 to May 2012 Materials and Methods- 200 cases of CHD diagnosed on echocardiography and 400 age and sex matched controls were enrolled in the study. The history regarding various maternal risk factors was enquired using the same questionnaire for both cases and controls. Statistical Analysis-The analysis was done using EPI 6 software, univariate and multivariate logistic regression model were used to establish the statistical significance of the association between risk factors and CHD. The association was considered statistically significant when OR>1. Results : Maternal history of fever, tobacco chewing, antenatal drugs exposure, bad obstetric history and pregestational diabetes mellitus were found to be significantly associated with higher risk of CHD in the baby.Conclusion- This study was aimed at improving the knowledge related to risk factors associated with CHD in a rural Indian scenario. The information can be utilized for prevention of CHD by a well-structured approach to identify and guide the prospective parents that could reduce the likelihood that their child will have a major cardiac malformation by the control of associated risk factor.
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