Abstract :
Background: One million calories per year on an average consumed by humans and imbalance of only 1% is enough to cause an annual weight change of 1 - 2 kg. Even minor changes in intake of calories and energy expenditure may lead to weight change, if the regulation is not interacting optimally with environmental conditions. Incidence of obesity is increasing over time due to our unlimited access to food along with a sedentary life style. Obesity during pregnancy has an increased risk of preterm birth, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus, and induction of labour, cesarean section, wound infection, post-partum hemorrhage, and prolonged hospital stay. This study was done to evaluate the risks to mother and the baby when pregnancy is associated with obesity.Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study conducted at Government medical college and hospital, between October 2019 and September 2020 for a period of 1 year after obtaining permission from the institutional ethics committee. A Total of 136 obese pregnant women attending antenatal outpatient department were taken in the study. Antenatal women who were in first trimester with body mass index (BMI) more than and equal to 30kg/m2 regardless of age and parity.Results: In this study, 81% belonged to class I, 18% belonged to class II, and 1% belonged to class III. The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus is 14%. The incidence of cesarean section was 75%.Conclusion: Obesity can have a negative impact on maternal outcomes by increasing the risk of hypertension in pregnancy, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes during the antenatal phase. The impact on neonatal outcomes can be macrosomia, increased care in the during perinatal period, increased risk of fetal mortality, impaired fetal growth and morbidity, and increased congenital abnormalities. Maternal obesity also impacts labor outcomes by causing increase in the need for induction of labor, the need for a cesarean section, and post-operative wound infections.
Keyword :
Gestational diabetes, Maternal obesity, Macrosomia, Pre-eclampsia, Induction, Cesarean.