Abstract :
Strikingly the developments in both therapeutic and nutritional circuits have
punctuated with some success and some spectacular failures in treating Type2 Diabetes mellitus (T2-DM). It is advocated that antioxidants should be
given only if pre-existing deficiency is present. Selection of antioxidant is
another important aspect. Type-2 Diabetes mellitus (T2-DM) is measured to
be one of the most frequent chronic diseases global. There is a increasing
scientific and public awareness in connecting oxidative stress with a variety
of pathological conditions including Type-2 Diabetes mellitus (T-2DM),
cardio vascular diseases (CVD), coronary artery diseases with Type-2
Diabetes mellitus (CADT2-DM) as well as other human diseases. Preexisting experimental and clinical studies report that oxidative stress plays a
major role in the pathogenesis and development of complications in T2-DM. Conversely, the exact mechanism by
which oxidative stress could contribute to and accelerate the development of complications in T2-DM is only to some
extent known and remains to be clarified. On the one hand, hyperglycemia induces free radicals; on the other hand, it
impairs the endogenous antioxidant defense system in patients with diabetes. Endogenous antioxidant defense
mechanisms include both enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways. Common antioxidants include the vitamins A, C,
and E, glutathione (GSH), and the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase
(GPx), and glutathione reductase (GRx). This review describes role of oxidative stress in micro and macro vascular
complications of T2-DM. Lastly but most importantly the impact of OS is not obligatory but facultative. As such only
those diabetic patients will be benefited by antioxidant therapies that have impelling punch of pro-oxidants.
Keyword :
Antioxidant enzymes, Dietary antioxidant, Oxidative stress, Diabetic mellitus, Free radicals, Lipid peroxidation