Abstract :
Objective: The study is focused on assessment and relationship of morphological changes happening in the
placentae of mothers who used to chew tobacco and placentae of non-tobacco users.
Methodology: This case-control study was carried out at Mayo Hospital, Lahore (Obstetrics, Gynecology and
Anatomy Department) during the timeframe one year starting from June, 2016 to June, 2017. A total of sixty
subjects were selected and divided into two groups. Group ‘A’ comprised of placentae of 30 non-smoked
tobacco users whereas Group ‘B’ consisted of 30 placentae of tobacco users. The features considered during
the evaluation were shape, site of attachment of umbilical cord, weight, and central and peripheral thickness of
placentae of both groups.
Results: The average value for weight of placenta for Group A was (444.56 + 112) gm and for Group B was
437.8 + 61.94. The mean diameters of the placentae were: (17.50 + 1.8) cm (tobacco users); (17.94 + 1.2) cm
(non-tobacco user). The cotyledons difference in the numbers was highly significant (p < 0.001). The cotyledons
readings were (16.33 + 2.39) and (13.81 + 1.36) for Group ‘A’ and ‘B’ respectively. The central thickness of
placentae was recorded as (1.94 + 0.59) cm in Group A and (2.49 + 0.47) cm in Group B. The average outer
thickness of the placentae in both groups was almost the same; Group ‘A’ (1.75 + 0.41) cm and Group ‘B’ (1.74
+ 0.44) cm.
Conclusion: Placental morphology is highly affected by the non-smoked use of tobacco and in turn has the
potential of adverse affects on the outcome of the pregnancy. Smokers’ placentae are even more complex as
compared to non-smoked chewed form of tobacco users.
Keywords: Placenta, Non-Smoked tobacco, Tobacco and Morphology.
Keyword :
Placenta, Non-Smoked tobacco, Tobacco and Morphology.