Abstract :
Violence against women (VAW) in Malakand, Pakistan, is a widespread human rights issue shaped by socio-cultural norms. This quantitative study examines determinants of physical, psychological, and emotional violence among 356 women aged 15–49, selected via multistage random sampling. Data from structured questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. Results indicate higher vulnerability among younger, less educated, and economically dependent women. Regression analysis identified significant associations between VAW and socio-cultural factors, including entrenched male authority, restrictions on women’s decision-making, and rigid purdah observance. Women attempting participation in household decisions faced increased verbal threats and emotional aggression. The study concludes that addressing VAW requires transforming the patriarchal structures that normalize women’s subordination, alongside legal reforms, awareness campaigns, and promoting female education and economic empowerment.