Abstract :
Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory condition, remains a significant cause of tooth loss in adults worldwide. Its pathogenesis is deeply rooted in the development and persistence of microbial biofilms, particularly those colonizing subgingival sites. These highly structured and cooperative communities of microorganisms are embedded in an extracellular polymeric matrix, enabling them to resist both host immune responses and conventional therapeutic interventions. This review delves into the mechanisms of biofilm formation, the composition of microbial communities involved, host-pathogen interactions, and modern therapeutic strategies. It also explores emerging diagnostics and novel approaches aimed at mitigating biofilm-associated periodontal destruction.
Keyword :
Extracellular polymeric matrix, Polysaccharides, Planktonic cells