Abstract :
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare, benign, locally aggressive tumor that shows uncertain malignant potential. Based on the spectrum of histological appearances, it is known by different names, most commonly plasma cell granuloma, inflammatory pseudotumor, myofibroblastoma, inflammatory myofibrohistiocytic tumor, xanthogranuloma, fibrous xanthoma, etc., and most recently as IMT. The etiology is non-specific and suggested to be a result of an inflammatory response to unknown factors. It is particularly uncommon in the oral cavity, with a PubMed literature search identifying only two documented cases reported at post-extraction sites to date, with the most common clinical differential diagnosis of peripheral reactive lesions such as pyogenic granuloma, peripheral giant cell granuloma, and peripheral ossifying fibroma. This article presents a rare case of an IMT with an aggressive clinical presentation, arising at the post-extraction site of the right maxilla in a 50-year-old female patient. We also aim to discuss its etiopathogenesis, clinical and radiologic features, histopathological correlations, and management strategies. Although uncommon, IMT should be considered in the differential diagnosis of post-extraction lesions in the oral cavity due to its potential for local recurrence, metastasis, and rare malignant transformation. Therefore, prompt diagnosis and sustained long-term follow-up are essential to ensure favorable clinical outcomes.
Keyword :
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, Inflammatory pseudotumor, Oral cavity, Maxilla, Yofibroblast, Smooth muscle actin