Abstract :
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypothyroidism are prevalent endocrine disorders, each associated with significant metabolic disturbances. Their coexistence may exacerbate glycemic and lipid abnormalities, increasing cardiovascular risk. This study aimed to evaluate and compare glycemic status, thyroid function, and lipid profiles among individuals with T2DM, hypothyroidism, both conditions, and healthy controlsMaterials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted including 360 participants divided equally into four groups: Group A (T2DM only), Group B (hypothyroidism only), Group C (T2DM hypothyroidism), and Group D (healthy controls). Fasting plasma glucose, postprandial glucose, HbA1c, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free T3, free T4, and comprehensive lipid profiles were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using independent t-tests, with significance set at p < 0.05Results: Group C exhibited significantly higher fasting plasma glucose (178.9 ± 33.4 mg/dL), postprandial glucose (258.5 ± 40.3 mg/dL), and HbA1c (8.9 ± 1.3%) compared to Group A (p < 0.01). TSH levels were markedly elevated in Group C (10.6 ± 5.2 µIU/mL) versus Group A (3.1 ± 1.2 µIU/mL; p < 0.0001), with significantly lower free T3 and free T4. Group C also demonstrated the most severe dyslipidemia, with higher total cholesterol (226.9 ± 38.2 mg/dL), LDL-C (148.6 ± 28.1 mg/dL), triglycerides (220.3 ± 52.7 mg/dL), and VLDL-C (44.1 ± 10.5 mg/dL), and lower HDL-C (35.6 ± 6.0 mg/dL) compared to all other groups (all p < 0.01).Conclusion: The coexistence of T2DM and hypothyroidism results in significantly worse glycemic control, thyroid dysfunction, and lipid abnormalities than either condition alone. Routine thyroid screening in T2DM patients is warranted to identify and manage hypothyroidism early, thereby mitigating compounded metabolic and cardiovascular risk.
Keyword :
Dyslipidemia, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Hypothyroidism, Lipid Profile, Comorbidity, Cardiovascular Risk