Abstract :
Background: Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome (AWS) is a potentially life-threatening condition that occurs following the sudden cessation of chronic alcohol use. Early identification and symptom-based management are essential to prevent complications such as seizures and delirium tremens.Objectives: To evaluate the severity of AWS using the CIWA-Ar scale, assess associated clinical and biochemical abnormalities, and examine the therapeutic strategies employed in a tertiary care hospital.Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted over six months in the general medicine ward at Government Medical College Hospital, Nagapattinam. A total of 150 male patients diagnosed with AWS were assessed using the CIWA-Ar scale. Laboratory investigations were carried out, and treatment regimens were documented.Results: Among 150 patients, 77.3% experienced moderate withdrawal symptoms, 21.3% had mild symptoms, and 1.3% presented with severe symptoms. Common symptoms included nausea, sweating, tremors, and anxiety, with agitation and tactile disturbances associated with greater severity. Frequently observed biochemical abnormalities included hyponatremia (12.6%), hypokalaemia (11.3%), and elevated liver enzymes. Benzodiazepines, particularly diazepam (68.6%) and lorazepam (18%), were the primary treatments, alongside thiamine supplementation and supportive care. A significant positive correlation was found between the time since last alcohol intake and symptom severity.Conclusion: Use of the CIWA-Ar scale facilitates timely, effective treatment in AWS. Structured protocols that include symptom-based pharmacotherapy and correction of biochemical imbalances can improve patient outcomes in tertiary care settings.
Keyword :
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome, Ciwa-ar scale, Benzodiazepines, Electrolyte imbalance, Liver enzymes, Therapeutic strategies