Abstract :
Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are two distinct but prevalent conditions that
often coexist, particularly in populations at high risk for both diseases. The intersection of these two pathologies
presents unique challenges in clinical management, as each condition can exacerbate the complications of the other.
This review explores the clinical impact of HIV on SCD, highlighting the overlapping pathophysiological
mechanisms, including immune dysregulation, chronic inflammation, and increased susceptibility to infections. The
review further examines the increased risk of co-morbidities such as kidney disease, stroke, and cardiovascular
complications in patients with both HIV and SCD. The pathophysiology of both HIV and SCD is multifaceted and
complex. HIV-induced immunosuppression worsens the already compromised immune system in individuals with
SCD, leading to a heightened risk of infections and organ dysfunction. Additionally, the chronic inflammation
associated with both conditions accelerates vascular damage, contributing to complications such as pulmonary
hypertension, stroke, and acute chest syndrome. The review also addresses the diagnostic challenges clinicians face in
differentiating between symptoms of SCD and HIV, emphasizing the need for accurate and timely diagnosis to
prevent mismanagement.
Keyword :
HIV, Sickle Cell Disease, Pathophysiology, Co-morbidities, Management Strategies