Abstract :
Anemia in pregnancy is a prevalent global health issue, significantly impacting maternal and fetal outcomes. While
nutritional deficiencies and infections are well-established causes, genetic factors also contribute to the development
and severity of anemia during pregnancy. This review comprehensively examines genetic determinants such as
hemoglobinopathies, enzyme deficiencies, and polymorphisms affecting nutrient metabolism, all of which influence
anemia risk in pregnant women. Hemoglobinopathies, including sickle cell disease and thalassemias, are major
genetic contributors to anemia, leading to chronic hemolysis and impaired erythropoiesis. Additionally, enzyme
deficiencies like glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiencies compromise red
blood cell survival, exacerbating anemia under physiological stress. Furthermore, genetic polymorphisms in folate
metabolism (MTHFR), iron regulation (TMPRSS6), and vitamin B12 transport (TCN2) impair micronutrient
absorption and utilization, increasing the risk of anemia during pregnancy.
Keyword :
Genetic predisposition, Hemoglobinopathies, Iron, Erythropoiesis, Pregnancy, anemia