Abstract :
Background: Oligohydramnios, characterized by low amniotic fluid volume, poses significant risks to maternal and fetal health, often leading to complications like intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Aim & objectives: This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of IUGR in primigravida women with oligohydramnios in the third trimester and assess the associated feto-maternal outcomes. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at SMS Medical College, Jaipur, from November 2022 to November 2023. The study included 84 primigravida women diagnosed with oligohydramnios (AFI < 5 cm) in the third trimester. Participants were followed until delivery, and maternal and neonatal outcomes were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using unpaired t-tests for continuous variables and chi-square or Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables. Results: Among the participants, 51.20% had intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). The mean age of participants was 26.93 ± 2.76 years. The study found that the majority of deliveries were vaginal (59.53%), with 40.47% requiring caesarean sections, predominantly due to fetal distress. IUGR was significantly associated with lower fetal weights (1.92 ± 0.274 kg vs 2.77 ± 0.331 kg), increased NICU admissions (39.02% vs 4.65%), and higher rates of respiratory distress syndrome (24.39% vs 6.98%) compared to oligohydramnios-only cases. Perinatal mortality was also higher in the IUGR group (4.88%). Labor induction was more common in the oligohydramnios-only group (74.42%) compared to the IUGR group (24.39%). Conclusion: Oligohydramnios, especially when combined with IUGR, leads to significantly worse maternal and fetal outcomes, including higher rates of caesarean section, NICU admissions, and perinatal mortality. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are critical for improving outcomes in these high-risk pregnancies. Further research is needed to develop standardized protocols for the management of oligohydramnios and IUGR pregnancies.
Keyword :
Oligohydramnios, Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR).