Abstract :
"Transposition of the great arteries (TGA)" refers to a condition where the two major arteries, the aorta and the pulmonary artery, are affected. In TGA, these vessels originate from the incorrect ventricle, meaning they are switched from their usual location. The aorta emerges from the right ventricle, while the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle.
Transposition of the major arteries may be accompanied by other heart abnormalities. A ventricular septal defect (VSD) is in about 25% of children with transposition. In a third, the coronary arteries have an odd branching pattern. Narrowing beneath the pulmonary valve may also occur in infants. This prevents blood from entering the lungs from the left ventricle.
Transposition causes the pulmonary (to the lungs) and systemic (to the body) circulations to function in tandem rather than in tandem. This indicates that the aorta and the body receive the oxygen-poor ("blue") blood that has returned from the body and is flowing through the right atrium and right ventricle. The pulmonary artery sends the oxygen-rich ("red") blood back to the lungs after it has passed through the left atrium and ventricle.
The body's organs will not receive the oxygen they require unless there is a location in the circulation where the blood that is oxygen-rich and blood that is oxygen-poor can combine. The blood must mix someplace in the heart in order to survive before surgery. A ventricular septal defect (VSD) will be mixing if it is present. This prevents adequate mixing. Mixing can also happen through a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) or an atrial septal defect (ASD).
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