Abstract :
Endodontic surgery has evolved into endodontic microsurgery, leveraging advanced technology, specialized instruments, and biologically compatible materials to achieve predictable outcomes in healing endodontic lesions. This transition, marked by the advent of operating microscopes in the 1990s, has improved visualization, understanding of apical anatomy, and treatment success while reducing postoperative complications. This review highlights current concepts, techniques, flap designs, and materials, underscoring the significant advancements that have transformed endodontic surgery into a precise and reliable approach.
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