Abstract :
Dental implants have totally transformed restorative dentistry, as this has made tooth loss and edentulism treatable with greater consistency and longevity. Therefore, the efficacy of dental implants is inextricably related to the inherent characteristics of the biomaterials used, which is paramount in promoting osseointegration and ensuring satisfactory function and aesthetics. Through the years, growth in materials science has driven changes in biomaterials toward dental implants, from some simple materials to complex substances manifesting improved biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and chemical resistance. This review will elaborate on the progress of innovation in dental implant biomaterials, discussing commonly used materials like titanium, ceramics, and new innovations including nanostructured surfaces, bioactive coatings, and 3D-printed biomaterials. These materials are focused to be used in improving integration of soft and hard tissue, preventing complications such as peri-implantitis, and promoting bone regeneration. Challenges such as biodegradability, manufacturing complexity, and cost are then discussed along with strategies of overcoming these challenges. It emphasizes future directions that include intelligent biomaterials, artificial intelligence-guided design, and sustainable methodologies for developing biomaterials. The current applications and prospective opportunities are analyzed in this review to exemplify the revolutionary capacity of sophisticated biomaterials to augment the clinical effectiveness and the durability of dental implants.
Keyword :
Dental implants, Osseointegration, Traditional biomaterials, Smart biomaterials, 3D printed biomaterials.