Abstract :
Abstract The essay examines Pakistani sectarian politics and bloodshed under General Zia-ul-Haq. Sectarianism is the division and struggle between religious or ethnic groupings. In contrast, sectarian politics promotes the interests of specific communities within the political system. Pakistan was formed as a Muslim state, but its identity is currently challenged, with Islam playing a major role. The Islamization efforts of General Zia are thoroughly investigated as a major factor in heightening sectarian tensions and separating Pakistani society. The article discusses how Zia's authoritarianism fueled the Shia-Sunni conflict and sectarian violence. The text investigates whether Zia's initiatives caused the rift or if other internal or external factors contributed. The paper analyzes geopolitical factors that caused sectarian violence during Zia's tenure to fill gaps in the literature. This examination will clarify the practicalities. The study seeks to explore the causes of sectarian fighting in Pakistan and shed light on religious and political issues.
Keyword :
Keywords: Shia-Sunni, Sectarianism, Zia-ul-Haq, Pakistan, Geopolitical