Abstract :
The Cretan Turks (and now their descendants) are a group of people who originally had lived in the Island of
Crete till 1923 when the Obligatory Population Exchange Agreement signed between Turkey and Greece.
Through almost the entire 19th century, as a result of Greek revolts one after another in different times in history
and the public order on the island was disrupted, the Cretan Turkish population in fear of their lives left their
living places, became refugees and the demographic structure of the island changed in favor of the Orthodox
Christians. Among those migrations, the biggest and the most decisive on the political future of the island is the
Heraklion Events that started in 1897 which resulted in the migration of at least 40,000 Turks. This population
movement is particularly important as it caused the expansion of Cretan Turks to very different regions. The
present existence of a Cretan community in Turkey, Lebanon, Syria, Libya, the Rhodes and Kos Islands of Greece,
along with (albeit few) Egypt, Jordan, Tunisia, the Island of Cyprus and Palestine happened due to this
immigration movement. This article approaches the immigration and settlement process that happened at the
very end of the 19th century as a result of a revolt in Crete, in a sudden and involuntary manner, in a period
where the Ottoman Empire suffered from political, economic and social difficulties. Tracking the official records
and by fieldwork where and how immigrants settled, how many and where new settlements were founded for
them were analyzed with the methodological approaches of history and historical anthropology.
Keyword :
Historical Anthropology, Crete, Turk, Muslim, Migration, Settlement