Abstract :
Malignant round cell tumors include a diverse group of cancers that appear morphologically as round cells. More commonly malignant round cell tumors include cancers consisting of small to intermediate cells having a dark, hyper chromatic nuclei and scant or indistinct cytoplasm. These malignant blue cell tumors include: Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET)/Ewing’s sarcoma family, Neuroblastoma, Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Rhabdomayosarcoma, Wilms tumor, Retinoblastoma, Small cell osteosarcoma, Medulloblastoma, Desmoplastic round cell tumor, Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma and Merkel cell carcinoma.
Aims & Objectives:
1. To study Histopathology of Malignant small round cell Tumors.
2. To correlate Histopathological findings with Clinical features, physical findings and imaging studies.
3. To study importance of Immunohistochemistry profiles in Malignant small round cell tumors.
Materials & Methods: This is the prospective study and 100 consecutive cases of Malignant round cell tumor received from data of department of pathology during period from 2014 to 2017 were studied. Histological parameters were studied on biopsy fixed in 10% neutral formalin, embedded in paraffin wax and stained with hematoxyline &eosin. IHC stains were performed on each cases.
Results: Out of 100 cases, there were 36 cases of Ewing sarcoma/PNET with highest incidence (36%) 21 Cases of Neuroblastoma(21%),15 cases of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (15%). According to age distribution, the highest incidence was observed in 0-14 years of age group. According to sex distribution, highest incidence observed in males. IHC study in Ewing sarcoma /PNET and Neuroblastoma shows positive reaction with CD 99, vimentin and NSE, NB, S100, synaptophysin, chromogranin respectively. IHC study of NHL showing majority are T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. IHC study of Rhabdomyosarcoma shows positive reaction with desmin, myoD1, Myoglobin, vimentin.
Conclusion: Most frequent round cell tumors are Ewing sarcoma /PNET , Neuroblastoma, Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma, Wilms tumor, Retinoblastoma. Malignant round cell tumors have male predominance and presented in early childhood. This study highlights the importance of histological examination of resected specimen or biopsied tumors. IHC represents a tool that can provide a clear distinction among the various tumor types.
Keyword :
Small blue round cell tumors, Ewing sarcoma/PNET, Primitive tumors, Childhood undifferentiated tumor